Systems and methods for a self-organizing network based on user equipment information

ABSTRACT

A computer device may include a memory configured to store instructions and a processor configured to execute the instructions to determine network slices for a plurality of user equipment (UE) devices associated with a base station wherein a particular network slice identifies a particular service category or a UE device attribute category associated with particular ones of the plurality of UE devices, determine a distribution of network slices for the base station based on the determined network slices for the plurality of UE devices, and determine an adjustment for an optimization parameter based on the distribution of network slices for the base station. The computer device may be further configured to adjust the optimization parameter for the base station based on the determined adjustment, wherein adjusted optimization parameter is used by the base station to manage data traffic associated with the plurality of UE devices.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

In order to satisfy the needs and demands of users of mobilecommunication devices, providers of wireless communication servicescontinue to improve and expand available services as well as networksused to deliver such services. One aspect of such improvements includesthe development of wireless access networks as well as options toutilize such wireless access networks. The provider may manage a largenumber of wireless access networks and a particular wireless accessnetwork may manage and service a large number of devices. In order tomaintain quality of service across a network, or across multiplenetworks, the provider may need to take into account various conditionsthat vary across networks and/or devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an environment according to animplementation described herein;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of a device thatmay be included in a device or system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating exemplary functional components of theself-organizing network system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of the userequipment (UE) device profile database (DB) of FIG. 3;

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of theposition/route profile DB of FIG. 3;

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of theperformance DB of FIG. 3;

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of theoptimization DB of FIG. 3;

FIG. 4E is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of the basestation DB of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating exemplary functional components of abase station of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a process classifying UE devices into servicecategories according to an implementation described herein;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a process for adjusting an optimizationparameter according to an implementation described herein;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a process for using pathloss informationaccording to an implementation described herein;

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a first exemplary network slices distributionaccording to an implementation described herein;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a second exemplary network slices distributionaccording to an implementation described herein; and

FIG. 11 is a diagram of a third exemplary network slices distributionaccording to an implementation described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings.The same reference numbers in different drawings identify the same orsimilar elements.

A wireless access network may enable wireless communication devices toconnect to a base station via wireless signals. A wireless communicationdevice may connect to a provider network via the wireless access networkand may use various applications, such as voice communication, videostreaming, sending or receiving data via the Internet, etc. Furthermore,wireless communication devices may be mobile and may move out ofcommunication range of a first base station and into the communicationrange of a second base station. In response, the wireless access networkmay handover control and service of a wireless communication device fromthe first base station to the second base station.

In the course of providing services to wireless communication devices,the operating conditions of the wireless access network may change. Asan example, the number of wireless devices attached to a base stationmay increase and reduce the available capacity of the base station. Asanother example, a base station may experience fading of wirelesssignals on particular channels due to changes in the environment. As yetanother example, a list of neighboring base stations, referred to as a“neighbor list,” may change as base stations are added, removed, orchanged.

Self-organizing networks (SONs) (sometimes also referred to as“self-optimizing networks”) have enabled automation of optimizationfunctions for wireless networks and may be deployed at a scale to managewireless networks, such as 4G and 5G wireless networks. SON functionsmay be used to enable discovery and optimization of base stationneighbor lists, modification of antenna tilts or directions to improvecoverage or capacity, changes to handoff parameters to reduce handoverdrops, and/or other types of parameters that previously requiredlaborious procedures to be executed manually.

SON functions may be carried out by obtaining various metrics, alsoreferred to as key performance indicators (KPIs), across a large numberof base stations and user equipment (UE) devices and to performautonomous analysis on the obtained metrics. The result of the analysismay indicate a change in one or more parameters of a base station tooptimize (i.e., improve) the functioning of the base station in responseto changing conditions.

As the data traffic and number of UE devices using wireless accessnetworks increase, the number of different types of UE devices and thenumber of different types of data also increase. As an example, anexponential growth in Internet of Things (IoT) applications leads to anincreasing number of different types of UE devices employingmachine-to-machine (M2M) communication, such as Machine-TypeCommunication (MTC), a type of M2M communication standard developed bythe 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). As another example,wireless communication is increasingly being used for new types ofapplications, such as connected cars, connected public transportsystems, and drones. New types of UE devices and/or new types of usecases for wireless communication may challenge existing SON processes.

For example, SON processes may rely on network performance datacollected from a Network Management System (NMS) that manages wirelessaccess network parameters, and may not utilize information relating toparticular UE devices, such as a service category associated with aparticular UE device. Furthermore, some parameters, such as, forexample, antenna tilting parameters, may only be adjustable at aparticular base station, and may require information relevant to theparticular base station.

Implementations described herein relate to systems and methods for a SONbased on UE device information. The UE device information may includeservice category information, UE device attribute category information,position and route profile information, pathloss information, pricesensitivity information, and/or other types of information. The UEdevice information may be used in addition to network performanceinformation to determine adjustments to optimization parameters. In someimplementations, initial values for the parameters may be set and theparameters may be later adjusted by the SON system based on networkperformance information and based on the UE device information.

Services provided by a network provider to UE devices may be dividedinto network slices. A computer device, associated with a SON system,may determine network slices for UE devices associated with a basestation and determine a distribution of network slices for the basestation based on the determined network slices for the UE devices. A“network slice,” as the term is used herein, identifies to a particularservice category and/or a particular UE device attribute categoryassociated with particular UE devices associated with the base station.

A service category refers to a class of service for data being sentand/or received by a UE device classified in the service category. Theservice categories may include, for example, a high density (HD) voiceservice category, an HD video service category, a mobile broadband (MBB)service category, an MBB Ultra-Reliable Low Latency (uRLLC) servicecategory, a voice service category, a video service category, an IoTdata category, an IoT uRLLC category, an IoT Data over Non-AccessStratum (DoNAS) service category, and/or another type of servicecategory.

A UE device attribute category refers to a particular attributeassociated with UE devices classified in the UE device attributecategory. The UE device attribute categories may include, for example, acategory associated with a particular value or range of values for alatency requirement associated with a UE device, a reliabilityrequirement associated with the UE device, a connectivity requirementassociated with the UE device, a mobility requirement associated withthe UE device, a throughput requirement associated with the UE device,and/or another type of requirement associated with a UE device.Furthermore, in some implementations, the UE device categories mayinclude a category associated with a particular private networkidentifier. Thus, a UE device attribute category may correspond to acategory of UE devices associated with a particular private networkand/or service provider. In some implementations, UE devices may beclassified into network slices using a machine learning classifier.

After determining a distribution of network slices for the base station,the computer device may then determine an adjustment for an optimizationparameter based on the distribution of network slices for the basestation and automatically and/or autonomously adjust the optimizationparameter for the base station based on the determined adjustment. Theadjusted optimization parameter may be used by the base station tomanage data traffic associated with the UE devices.

Determining the distribution of network slices may include determining aweight for a particular network slice based on a ratio of a number of UEdevices associated with the particular network slice to a total numberof UE devices associated with the base station and/or based on acriticality score assigned to the particular network slice. Weights maybe applied before determining a parameter based on an optimizationfunction that uses one or more KPIs or after the optimization functionis applied to a particular network slice. Thus, in some implementations,determining the adjustment for the optimization parameter may includedetermining a network slice adjustment for the particular network slicebased on one or more KPIs and a determined weight for the particularcategory and the determined network slice adjustment. In otherimplementations, determining the adjustment for the optimizationparameter may include determining a network slice KPI value for theparticular network slice, determining a total performance indicatorvalue as a weighted sum based on the network slice KPI value and aweight associated with the particular network slice, and determining theadjustment for the optimization parameter as a function of the totalperformance indicator value.

Furthermore, in some implementations, the weights may be tuned oradjusted based on a criticality and/or importance for a particularnetwork slice during a particular time period. Thus, the computer devicemay receive an indication of importance associated with a particularnetwork slice and increase the weight associated with the particularnetwork slice, in response to receiving the indication of importanceassociated with the particular network slice. Moreover, different KPIsmay be assigned different weights when computing an optimizationparameter.

In some implementations, the computer device, associated with a SONsystem, may determine positioning and/or route profiles for the UEdevices associated with the base station and determine the adjustmentfor the optimization parameter further based on the determinedpositioning and/or route profiles for the UE devices. The positioningand/or route profiles may indicate historical position and routesassociated with particular UE devices.

In some implementations, the computer device, associated with a SONsystem, may obtain pathloss information for the UE devices, generate aset of pathloss value ranges, and determine a distribution of networkslices for each of the pathloss value ranges based on the obtainedpathloss information and determined network slices for the UE devices.The computer device may then determine the adjustment for theoptimization parameter further based on the distribution of networkslices for the pathloss value ranges.

The optimization parameter may include a coverage optimizationparameter, an antenna tilt parameter, a power distribution parameter, aretransmission parameter, a handover parameter, a neighbor list changesparameter, a load balancing parameter, a delay optimization parameter, acarrier optimization parameter, a random access channel parameter,and/or another type of parameter (associated with a wireless accessnetwork) that may be adjusted by a SON system.

The KPIs used to compute adjustments for an optimization parameter mayinclude one or more key performance indicators (KPIs), such as, forexample, accessibility KPIs (e.g., a Radio Resource Control (RRC) setupsuccess rate, a RAB success rate, etc.), retainability KPIs (e.g., acall drop rate, etc.), mobility KPIs (e.g., a handover success rate,etc.), service integrity KPIs (e.g., downlink average throughput,downlink maximum throughput, uplink average throughput, uplink maximumthroughput, etc.), utilization KPIs (e.g., resource block utilizationrate, average processor load, etc.), availability KPIs (e.g., radionetwork unavailability rate, etc.), traffic KPIs (e.g., downlink trafficvolume, uplink traffic volume, average number of users, maximum numberof users, a number of voice bearers, a number of video bearers, etc.),response time KPIs (e.g., latency, packet arrival time, etc.), and/orother types of KPIs.

Different types of information may be used to classify a particular UEdevice into a particular service category, such as, for example,information indicating whether a UE device is associated with a user,information indicating whether a UE device is associated with a voice orvideo bearer, packet size information associated with a UE device,information indicating whether a UE device is associated with a highreliability and/or low latency bearer, and/or other types ofinformation.

As an example, determining the service categories for the UE devicesassociated with a base station may include determining that a particularUE device is associated with a packet size less than a first packet sizethreshold (e.g., ten Megabytes, etc.) and classifying the particular UEdevice into an IoT data service category, in response to determiningthat the particular UE device is associated with a packet size less thanthe first packet size threshold. As another example, determining theservice categories for the UE devices associated with a base station mayinclude determining that a particular UE device is associated with apacket size less than a second packet size threshold (e.g., onekilobyte, etc.) and classifying the UE device into a DoNAS servicecategory, in response to determining that the particular UE device isassociated with a packet size less than the second packet sizethreshold. As yet another example, determining the service categoriesfor the UE devices associated with a base station may includedetermining that a particular UE device is associated with a highreliability and low latency requirement and classifying the particularUE device into a uRLLC service category, in response to determining thatthe particular UE device is associated with a high reliability and lowlatency requirement.

In some implementations, one or more UE devices may be re-assigned to adifferent network slice. For example, the computer device, associatedwith the SON system, may determine that a measure of congestionassociated with a particular network slice is higher than a congestionthreshold and assign at least some of the UE devices associated with theparticular network slice to a different network slice. Furthermore, insome implementations, the SON system may determine a performance scorefor a wireless access network associated with the base station based onthe adjusted optimization parameter revert the optimization parameter toa previous value, when the determined performance score does not resultin an improvement over a previous performance score.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary environment 100 in which systemsand/or methods, described herein, may be implemented. As shown in FIG.1, environment 100 may include UE devices 110-A to 110-M, an accessnetwork 120, and provider network 140. Access network 120 may includebase stations 130-A to 130-N and a particular UE device 110 may connectto access network 120 via a particular base station 130 using wirelesssignals. While a single access network 120 is shown in FIG. 1 forillustrative purposes, in practice, environment 100 may include multipleaccess networks 120.

In some implementations, UE device 110 may include a handheld wirelesscommunication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tabletdevice, etc.); a wearable computer device (e.g., a head-mounted displaycomputer device, a head-mounted camera device, a wristwatch computerdevice, etc.), a global positioning system (GPS) device; a laptopcomputer, a tablet computer, or another type of portable computer; amedia playing device; a portable gaming system; a home appliance device;a home monitoring device; and/or any other type of computer device withwireless communication capabilities.

In other implementations, UE device 110 may include an IoT deviceenabled with wireless communication functionality and employingmachine-to-machine (M2M) communication, such as, for example,Machine-Type Communication (MTC), a type of M2M communication standarddeveloped by the 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Examplesof such M2M devices may include a health monitoring device (e.g., ablood pressure monitoring device, a blood glucose monitoring device,etc.), an asset tracking device (e.g., a system monitoring thegeographic location of a fleet of vehicles, etc.), a device controllingone or more functions of a vehicle (e.g., a climate control system, anengine monitoring system, etc.), a device controlling an electronic sign(e.g., an electronic billboard, etc.), a device controlling amanufacturing system (e.g., a robot arm, an assembly line, etc.), adevice controlling a security system (e.g., a camera, a motion sensor, awindow sensor, etc.), a device controlling a power system (e.g., a smartgrid monitoring device, etc.), a device controlling a financialtransaction system (e.g., a point-of-sale terminal, a vending machine,etc.), an unmanned aerial drone vehicle or aircraft system, and/oranother type of electronic device.

Access network 120 may provide access to services available via providernetwork 140 for UE devices 110, including mobile telephone service,video content delivery, Internet access, and/or other types of dataservices. For example, access network 120 may establish a packet datanetwork connection (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) connection) betweenUE device 110 and provider network 140. In some implementations, accessnetwork 120 may include a Long Term Evolution (LTE) access network(e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) network). In other implementations,access network 120 may include an LTE Advanced (LTE-A) access networkand/or a 5G access network that includes functionality such as carrieraggregation; advanced or massive multiple-input and multiple-output(MIMO) configurations (e.g., an 8×8 antenna configuration, a 16×16antenna configuration, a 256×256 antenna configuration, etc.);cooperative MIMO (CoMP); relay stations; Heterogeneous Networks(HetNets) of overlapping small cells and macrocells; Self-OrganizingNetwork (SON) functionality; MTC functionality, such as 1.4 MHz wideenhanced MTC (eMTC) channels (also referred to as category Cat-M1), LowPower Wide Area (LPWA) technology such as Narrow Band (NB) IoT (NB-IoT)technology, and/or other types of MTC technology; and/or other types ofLTE-A and/or 5G functionality. In yet other implementations, accessnetwork 120 may include a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) accessnetwork based on, for example, a CDMA1000 standard. For example, theCDMA access network may include a CDMA enhanced High Rate Packet Data(eHRPD) network (which may provide access to an LTE access network).

As stated above, access network 120 may include a base station 130 andUE device 110 may wirelessly communicate with access network 120 viabase station 130. In other words, UE device 110 may be located withinthe geographic area serviced by base station 130. Base station 130 maybe part of an LTE eNodeB base station device and/or another LTE-A or 5Gbase station device (e.g., a gNodeB). An eNodeB base station device mayuse the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) airinterface or other air interfaces to wirelessly communicate withdevices. An eNodeB base station device may include one or more devices(e.g., base stations 130) and other components and functionality thatallow UE device 110 to wirelessly connect to access network 120. TheeNodeB base station device may include or be associated with one or morecells. For example, each cell may include an RF transceiver facing aparticular direction. The eNodeB base station device may correspond to amacrocell or to a small cell (e.g., a femtocell, a picocell, amicrocell, etc.).

Provider network 140 may be managed, at least in part, by a provider ofcommunication services associated with access network 120. Providernetwork 140 may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network(WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), an optical network, a cabletelevision network, a satellite network, a wireless network (e.g., aCode Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a general packet radioservice (GPRS) network, and/or an LTE network), an ad hoc network, atelephone network (e.g., the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ora cellular network), an intranet, or a combination of networks. Providernetwork 140 may allow the delivery of Internet Protocol (IP) services toUE device 110, and may interface with other external networks. In someimplementations, provider network 140 may include an Internet ProtocolMultimedia Subsystem (IMS) network (not shown in FIG. 1). An IMS networkmay include a network for delivering IP multimedia services as specifiedby 3GPP or other standards/protocols and may provide media flows betweenUE device 110 and external IP networks or external circuit-switchednetworks (not shown in FIG. 1). Provider network 140 may include one ormore server devices and/or network devices, or other types ofcomputation or communication devices to manage the functionality ofprovider network 140. For example, provider network 140 may include aSON system 150 and an Operations Support System (OSS) 160.

SON system 150 may include one or more devices, such as computer devicesand/or server devices, which perform self-organization functions forprovider network 140. In particular, SON system 150 may optimize one ormore parameters for base station 130 based on information associatedwith UE devices 110 attached to base station 130. SON system 150 maycategorize UE devices 110 based on network slices and may determine adistribution of network slices for base station 130. SON system 150 mayfurther determine positioning and route profiles for UE devices 110,pathloss information for UE device 110, and/or other types ofinformation associated with UE devices 110 and/or the performance ofbase station 130 servicing UE devices 110 and/or the performance ofneighboring base stations 130. SON system 150 may adjust an optimizationparameter for base station 130 based on the obtained information. SONsystem 150 may communicate with OSS 160 to obtain information relatingto UE devices 110 and/or base stations 130 and may instruct OSS 160 toadjust a particular parameter for a particular base station 130 based onthe obtained information.

OSS 160 may include one or more devices, such as computer devices and/orserver devices, which perform operations support functions for providernetwork 140. Operations support functions may include provisioning ofservices, service delivery and fulfillment, network configuration andmanagement, fault management, and/or other type of functionalities. OSS160 may collect metric values, such as particular KPIs, associated withUE devices 110 and/or base stations 130. For example, OSS 160 mayreceive, at particular intervals, metric values associated with UEdevices 110 attached to base station 130. OSS 160 may provide theobtained information to SON system 150. Furthermore, OSS 160 may receivean instruction from SON system 150 to adjust a particular parameter forbase station 130 and may instruct base station 130 to adjust theparticular parameter in response to the received instruction. Thus, OSS160 may include a base station manager and a base station database (DB)that stores information identifying particular base stations 130,information indicating how to reach the particular base stations 130,and/or information relating to previous and/or current optimizationsettings associated with the particular base stations 130.

Although FIG. 1 shows exemplary components of environment 100, in otherimplementations, environment 100 may include fewer components, differentcomponents, differently arranged components, or additional functionalcomponents than depicted in FIG. 1. Additionally or alternatively, oneor more components of environment 100 may perform functions described asbeing performed by one or more other components of environment 100. Forexample, in some implementations, some or all of the functionality ofOSS 160 may be implemented in SON system 150. Additionally oralternatively, some or all of the functionality of SON system 150 may beimplemented by base station 130 or by a group of base stations 130.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of device 200according to an implementation described herein. SON system 150, OSS160, base station 130, and/or UE device 110 may each include one or moredevices 200. As shown in FIG. 2, device 200 may include a bus 210, aprocessor 220, a memory 230, an input device 240, an output device 250,and a communication interface 260.

Bus 210 may include a path that permits communication among thecomponents of device 200. Processor 220 may include any type ofsingle-core processor, multi-core processor, microprocessor, latch-basedprocessor, and/or processing logic (or families of processors,microprocessors, and/or processing logics) that interprets and executesinstructions. For example, processor 220 may include one or more CentralProcessing Units (CPUs) and/or one or more Graphics Processing Units(GPU). In other embodiments, processor 220 may include anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmablegate array (FPGA), and/or another type of integrated circuit orprocessing logic. Processor 220 may control operation of device 200 andits components.

Memory 230 may include any type of dynamic storage device that may storeinformation and/or instructions, for execution by processor 220, and/orany type of non-volatile storage device that may store information foruse by processor 220. For example, memory 230 may include a randomaccess memory (RAM) or another type of dynamic storage device, aread-only memory (ROM) device or another type of static storage device,a content addressable memory (CAM), a magnetic and/or optical recordingmemory device and its corresponding drive (e.g., a hard disk drive,optical drive, etc.), and/or a removable form of memory, such as a flashmemory.

Input device 240 may allow an operator to input information into device200 and/or to collect information from the environment using one or moresensors. Input device 240 may include, for example, buttons (e.g., akeyboard, keys of a keypad, control buttons, etc.), a mouse, a pen, ajoystick, a tracking pad, a stylus, a remote control, a microphone oranother audio capture device, an image and/or video capture device(e.g., a camera), a touch-screen display, a light sensor, a gyroscope,an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a barometer,a compass, a health sensor (e.g., pulse rate monitor, etc.), and/oranother type of input device. In some implementations, device 200 may bemanaged remotely and may not include input device 240. In other words,device 200 may be “headless” and may not include a keyboard, forexample.

Output device 250 may output information to an operator of device 200and/or to control device 200 and/or the environment using one or moreactuators. Output device 250 may include a display, a printer, aspeaker, an illumination source (e.g., a camera flash), an actuator tocause device 200 to vibrate, a motor to cause part of device 200 tomove, a lock device, and/or another type of output device. For example,device 200 may include a display, which may include a liquid-crystaldisplay (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic LED(OLED) display, an electrophoretic (e.g., electronic ink) display,and/or another type of display device for displaying content to a user.In some implementations, device 200 may be managed remotely and may notinclude output device 250. In other words, device 200 may be “headless”and may not include a display, for example.

Communication interface 260 may include a transceiver that enablesdevice 200 to communicate with other devices and/or systems via wirelesscommunications (e.g., radio frequency (RF), infrared, and/or visualoptics, etc.), wired communications (e.g., conductive wire, twisted paircable, coaxial cable, transmission line, fiber optic cable, and/orwaveguide, etc.), or a combination of wireless and wired communications.Communication interface 260 may include a transmitter that convertsbaseband signals to RF signals and/or a receiver that converts RFsignals to baseband signals. Communication interface 260 may be coupledto an antenna for transmitting and receiving RF signals. For example, ifdevice 200 is included in UE device 110 and/or base station 130,communication interface 260 may include an antenna assembly thatincludes one or more antennas to transmit and/or receive RF signals.

Communication interface 260 may include a logical component thatincludes input and/or output ports, input and/or output systems, and/orother input and output components that facilitate the transmission ofdata to other devices. For example, communication interface 260 mayinclude a network interface card (e.g., Ethernet card) for wiredcommunications and/or a wireless network interface (e.g., a WiFi) cardfor wireless communications. Communication interface 260 may alsoinclude a universal serial bus (USB) port for communications over acable, a Bluetooth™ wireless interface or an interface for another typeof short range (e.g., less than 100 meters) wireless communicationmethod, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) interface, a near-fieldcommunications (NFC) wireless interface, a Global Positioning System(GPS) receiver to obtain location information from GPS satellites, anoptical transceiver, and/or any other type of interface that convertsdata from one form to another form.

As will be described in detail below, device 200 may perform certainoperations relating to determining SON adjustments based on networkslices, position and route profiles, pathloss information, and/or othertypes of information associated with UE devices 110. Device 200 mayperform these operations in response to processor 220 executing softwareinstructions contained in a computer-readable medium, such as memory230. A computer-readable medium may be defined as a non-transitorymemory device. A memory device may be implemented within a singlephysical memory device or spread across multiple physical memorydevices. The software instructions may be read into memory 230 fromanother computer-readable medium or from another device. The softwareinstructions contained in memory 230 may cause processor 220 to performprocesses described herein. Alternatively, hardwired circuitry may beused in place of, or in combination with, software instructions toimplement processes described herein. Thus, implementations describedherein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitryand software.

Although FIG. 2 shows exemplary components of device 200, in otherimplementations, device 200 may include fewer components, differentcomponents, additional components, or differently arranged componentsthan depicted in FIG. 2. Additionally or alternatively, one or morecomponents of device 200 may perform one or more tasks described asbeing performed by one or more other components of device 200.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating exemplary functional components of SONsystem 150. The functional components of SON system 150 may beimplemented, for example, via processor 220 executing instructions frommemory 230. Alternatively, some or all of the functional componentsincluded in SON system 150 may be implemented via hard-wired circuitry.As shown in FIG. 3, SON system 150 may include an OSS interface 310, anetwork slice classifier 320, a UE device profile DB 325, aposition/route classifier 330, a position/route profile DB 335, anoptimization manager 340, a base station DB 345, an optimization DB 350,a performance monitor 360, and a performance DB 365.

OSS interface 310 may be configured to communicate with OSS 160. Forexample, OSS 160 may obtain information relating to UE devices 110 frombase stations 130, from other devices in access network 120 (e.g., froma Home Subscriber Server), from a DB maintained by OSS 160, and/or fromother sources and may provide the obtained information to OSS interface310. Furthermore, OSS interface 310 may send instructions fromoptimization manager 340 to OSS 160, such as instructions to adjust aparticular optimization parameter for a particular base station 130.Moreover, OSS interface 310 may report information from OSS 160 relatingto the performance of access network 120 and/or provider network 140 toother components in SON system 150.

Network slice classifier 320 may classify UE devices 110 into networkslices based on information stored in UE device profile DB 325.Exemplary information that may be stored in UE device profile DB 325 isdescribed below with reference to FIG. 4A.

In some implementations, network slice classifier 320 may classify UEdevices 110 into network slices based on service categories using one ormore criteria based on information that includes data type information,based on bearers associated with a particular UE device 110, based onwhether a user is associated with the particular UE device 110, based onpacket size associated with the particular UE device 110, based oninformation that identifies whether the particular UE device 110 isassociated with high reliability data, based on an identifier assignedto the particular UE device 110, and/or based on other types ofinformation. Additionally, network slice classifier 320 may classify UEdevices 110 into network slices based on particular UE device attributecategories, such as, for example, categories based on a latencyrequirement, a reliability requirement, a connectivity requirement, amobility requirement, a throughput requirement, and/or another type ofrequirement. Moreover, network slice classifier 320 may classify UEdevices 110 into network slices based on one or more identifiers, suchas, for example, private network identifiers and/or service provideridentifiers.

In other implementations, network slice classifier 320 may classify UEdevices 110 into network slices using one or more machine learning (ML)classifiers, such as a neural network classifier, a naive Bayesianclassifier, a kernel density estimation classifier, a decision treeclassifier, a support vector machine classifier, a maximum entropyclassifier, and/or another type of classifier. Additionally, networkslice classifier 320 may classify UE devices 110 into pathloss rangevalue categories based on pathloss values associated with particular UEdevices 110.

Position/route classifier 330 may classify UE devices 110 intoposition/route categories based on information stored in position/routeprofile DB 335. Exemplary information that may be stored inposition/route profile DB 335 is described below with reference to FIG.4B. Position/route classifier 330 may classify UE devices 110 intoparticular location and/or route classes based on the historicallocations and routes associated with particular UE devices 110. Forexample, if a particular UE device 110 is stationary, the particular UEdevice 110 may be classified into a location category associated with aparticular area. In some implementations, location classes may be basedon locations of base stations 130. For example, one or more basestations 130 may be associated with a geographic area in which the oneor more base stations 130 are located. In other implementations,locations classes may be based on other types of information, such as ageographic grid, postal codes and/or other types of geographicinformation.

As another example, if the particular UE device 110 is not stationary,but is associated with more than one location, the particular UE device110 may be classified in multiple location classes and/or may beclassified in a particular route class. For example, if the particularUE device 110 corresponds to a user's mobile phone and the user travelsbetween a work location and a home location, the particular UE device110 may be classified in a route class that includes the route betweenthe work location and home location. Furthermore, a particular UE device110 may be classified in a first route class during a first time period(e.g., workdays) and in a second route class during a second time period(e.g., weekends).

Optimization manager 340 may use information received from network sliceclassifier 320 to determine a distribution of network slices for basestation 130, a distribution of position/route categories, and/or adistribution of pathloss range values for base station 130 and store thedetermined distributions in base station DB 345. Exemplary informationthat may be stored in base station DB 345 is described below withreference to FIG. 4C.

Optimization manager 340 may select a particular base station 130 and aparticular parameter to be optimized for the particular base station130. Optimization manager 340 may then determine an optimizationfunction for the selected parameter that is based on one or more KPIsand determine the KPI values for the KPIs associated with theoptimization function using information stored in optimization DB 350.Exemplary information that may be stored in optimization DB 350 isdescribed below with reference to FIG. 4D.

Optimization manager 340 may then determine the distribution of networkslices for the particular base station 130, the distribution of positionand routing profiles for the particular base station 130, and/or thedistribution of pathloss range values for the particular base station130, and may calculate an adjustment for the selected particularparameter for the selected particular base station 130 based on thedetermined information.

Performance monitor 360 may monitor the performance of access network120 and/or provider network 140 based on information stored inperformance DB 365. Exemplary information that may be stored inperformance DB 365 is described below with reference to FIG. 4E.Performance monitor 360 may obtain one or more KPIs for access network120 and/or provider network 140 from OSS 160 via OSS interface 310 afteroptimization manager 340 has selected to adjust a parameter for aparticular base station 130 and after the adjustment has been applied tothe particular base station 130. If one or more KPI values indicate thatperformance of access network 120 and/or provider network 140 did notimprove after the adjustment, performance monitor 360 may instructoptimization manager 340 to revert to a previous network state beforethe parameter was adjusted. Thus, performance monitor 360 may implementa reversion mechanism for reversing an optimization adjustment ifnetwork performance does not improve as a result of the adjustment.

Although FIG. 3 shows exemplary components of SON system 150, in otherimplementations, SON system 150 may include fewer components, differentcomponents, additional components, or differently arranged componentsthan depicted in FIG. 3. Additionally or alternatively, one or morecomponents of SON system 150 may perform one or more tasks described asbeing performed by one or more other components of SON system 150.Furthermore, in some implementations, some or all of the functionalcomponents of SON system 150 shown in FIG. 3 may be implemented in oneor more devices of system 100, such as, for example, base station 130.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of UE deviceprofile DB 325. As shown in FIG. 4A, UE device profile DB 325 mayinclude one or more UE device records 410. Each UE device record 410 maystore information relating to a particular UE device 110. UE devicerecord 410 may include UE device identifier (ID) field 412, a basestation field 414, a data type field 416, a packet size field 418, areliability field 420, a network slice field 422, and a pathloss field424.

UE device ID field 412 may include an ID that uniquely identifies theparticular UE device 110, such as, for example, a Mobile StationInternational Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN), an InternationalMobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number, a Mobile Directory Number(MDN), an International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI), a MediaAccess Control (MAC) address, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)address, and/or another type of UE device ID. Base station field 414 mayidentify a particular base station 130 associated with the particular UEdevice 110, such as, for example, an IP address associated with theparticular base station 130, a base station ID used by access network120, and/or another type of base station ID.

Data type field 416 may store information identifying a type of dataassociated with the particular UE device 110. For example, data typefield 416 may include information identifying types of bearersassociated with the particular UE device 110 (e.g., a number of voicebearers, a number of video bearers, a number of high priority databearers, etc.), identifying Quality of Service (QoS) classes associatedwith the particular UE device 110, and/or may include other types ofinformation identifying the type of data associated with the particularUE device 110. Additionally, data type field 416 may store informationidentifying one or more requirements associated with the particular UEdevice 110, such as, for example, a latency requirement, a reliabilityrequirement, a connectivity requirement, a mobility requirement, athroughput requirement, and/or another type of requirement. Moreover,data type field 416 may store one or more identifiers associated withthe particular UE device 110, such as, for example, a private networkidentifier and/or a service provider identifier.

Packet size field 418 may store information identifying one or morepacket sizes associated with the particular UE device 110, such as anaverage packet size, a maximum packet size, etc. Reliability field 420may store information identifying one or more measures of datareliability associated with the particular UE device 110. For example,reliability field 420 may identify whether the particular UE device 110is associated with a data connection that has a high reliability and lowlatency requirement. Network slice field 422 may include informationidentifying a network slice into which the particular UE device has beenclassified. Pathloss field 424 may store information identifying one ormore pathloss values associated with the particular UE device 110. Forexample, pathloss field 424 may include a series of timestamps andcorresponding pathloss values for the particular UE device 110.

Although FIG. 4A shows exemplary components of UE device profile DB 325,in other implementations, UE device profile DB 325 may include fewercomponents, different components, additional components, or differentlyarranged components than depicted in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of position/routeprofile DB 335. As shown in FIG. 4B, position/route profile DB 335 mayinclude one or more UE device records 430. Each UE device record 430 maystore information relating to a particular UE device 110. UE devicerecord 430 may include a UE device ID field 432, one or more locationrecords 434, a location profile field 440, and a route profile field442.

UE device ID field 432 may include an ID that uniquely identifies theparticular UE device 110 as explained above with reference to UE deviceID field 412.

Each location record 434 may include a time field 436 and a locationfield 438. Time field 436 may identify a particular time and locationfield 438 may identify a location associated with the particular time.Thus, location records 434 may store information relating to thelocation history for the particular UE device 110 and may be used todetermine the location and route profile for the particular UE device110.

Location profile field 440 may store a location profile for theparticular UE device 110. For example, the location profile may identifyone or more locations at which the particular UE device 110 is locatedat least a particular percentage of time. Thus, for example, thelocation profile may identify a home location, a work location, anevening location, a weekend location, etc. Route profile field 442 mayidentify one or more routes that are traversed by the particular UEdevice 110 at least a particular percentage of time. For example, theroutes may include a home to work route, a work to home route, anevening activity route, a shopping route, etc. The location and routeprofiles may be used to optimize base stations 130 associated with thelocations and routes associated with the particular UE device 110.

Although FIG. 4B shows exemplary components of position/route profile DB335, in other implementations, position/route profile DB 335 may includefewer components, different components, additional components, ordifferently arranged components than depicted in FIG. 4B.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of base stationDB 345. As shown in FIG. 4C, base station DB 345 may include one or morebase station records 450. Each base station record 450 may storeinformation relating to a particular base station 130. Base stationrecord 450 may include a base station field 452, a network slicesdistribution table 454, a position/route distribution table 456, and apathloss distribution table 458.

Base station field 452 may identify a particular base station 130 withan ID such as, for example, an IP address associated with the particularbase station 130, a base station ID used by access network 120, and/oranother type of base station ID.

Network slices distribution table 454 may include informationidentifying a distribution of network slices for the particular basestation 130. For example, network slices distribution table 454 maystore, for each particular network slice, the percentage of UE devices110, associated with the particular base station 130, that areassociated with the particular network slice.

Position/route distribution table 456 may include informationidentifying a distribution of positions and/or routes for the particularbase station 130. For example, position/route distribution table 456 maystore, for each particular position and/or route category, thepercentage of UE devices 110, associated with the particular basestation 130, that are associated with the particular position and/orroute category.

Pathloss distribution table 458 may include information identifying adistribution of pathloss range values for the particular base station130. For example, pathloss distribution table 458 may store, for eachparticular pathloss distribution value range, the distribution ofnetwork slices for the particular base station 130.

Although FIG. 4C shows exemplary components of base station DB 345, inother implementations, base station DB 345 may include fewer components,different components, additional components, or differently arrangedcomponents than depicted in FIG. 4C.

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of optimizationDB 350. As shown in FIG. 4D, optimization DB 350 may include one or moreoptimization records 460. Each optimization record 460 may storeinformation relating to a particular optimization parameter.Optimization record 460 may include a parameter field 462, anoptimization function field 464, and one or more network slice records466.

Parameter field 462 may identify a particular optimization parameter.For example, parameter field 462 may identify an antenna tilt parameter,a power distribution parameter, a retransmission parameter, a handoverparameter, a neighbor list changes parameter, a coverage optimizationparameter, a load balancing parameter, a delay optimization parameter, acarrier optimization parameter, a random access channel parameter,and/or another type of parameter associated with a wireless accessnetwork that may be adjusted by a SON system.

Optimization function field 464 may identify an optimization functionassociated with the particular optimization parameter. For example,optimization function field 464 may identify a function that uses asinput one or more KPI values to determine a value for the particularoptimization parameter.

Each network slice record 466 may store KPI values associated with aparticular network slice and may include a network slice field 468 and aKPIs field 470. Network slice field 468 may identify the particularnetwork slice and KPIs field 470 may store one or more KPI valuesassociated with the particular network slice, which may be used by theoptimization function stored in optimization function field 464.

Although FIG. 4D shows exemplary components of optimization DB 350, inother implementations, optimization DB 350 may include fewer components,different components, additional components, or differently arrangedcomponents than depicted in FIG. 4D.

FIG. 4E is a diagram illustrating exemplary components of performance DB365. As shown in FIG. 4E, performance DB 365 may include one or moreperformance records 480. Each performance record 480 may storeinformation relating to the performance of access network 120 and/orprovider network 140 during a particular time period. Optimizationrecord 480 may include a timestamp field 482, a network state field 484,a SON action field 486, and a performance field 488.

Timestamp field 482 may store a particular timestamp (e.g., a time anddate). Network state field 484 may store information identifying anetwork state associated with access network 120 and/or provider network140 during the time period associated with the particular timestamp. Forexample, network state field 484 may identify a particular configurationfor the parameters associated with base stations 130 and/or otherdevices in access network 120 and/or provider network 140.

SON action field 486 may identify a SON action that was performed duringthe time period associated with the particular timestamp. For example,SON action field 486 may identify an antenna tilt setting, atransmission power setting, a handover parameter (e.g., event A3parameters, such as a handover offset parameter, a hysteresis parameter,a time to trigger parameter, a cell individual offset parameter, etc.)setting, a retransmission parameter (e.g., a Hybrid Automatic RepeatRequest (HARD) number, etc.) setting, a neighbor list changes parameter(e.g., number of neighbors, distance to furthest neighbor, receivedpower associated with furthest neighbor, etc.), a delay optimizationsetting (e.g., a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode inactivity timer,DRX cycle timer, DRX retransmission timer, etc.), a random accesschannel parameter (e.g., initial transmission power for a physicalrandom access channel (PRACH), change in transmit power on subsequentattempts for the PRACH, number of attempts allowed on the PRACH, etc.),an RF parameter (e.g., transmit power, antenna azimuth, antenna beamwidth, downlink or uplink band selection, etc.), a load balancingparameter (e.g., parameters controlling load balancing of traffic ofparticular QoS classes across multiple cells and/or across multiple basestations 130), a carrier optimization parameter (e.g., a number ofsecondary carriers in carrier aggregation, etc.), and/or any other typeof parameter associated with access network 120 that may be adjusted bySON system 150.

Performance field 488 may identify one or more KPI values associatedwith the network state during the time period associated with theparticular timestamp. For example, performance field 488 may identify anaccessibility KPI (e.g., a Radio Resource Control (RRC) setup successrate, a RAB success rate, etc.), retainability KPI (e.g., a call droprate, etc.), mobility KPI (e.g., a handover success rate, etc.), serviceintegrity KPI (e.g., downlink average throughput, downlink maximumthroughput, uplink average throughput, uplink maximum throughput, etc.),utilization KPI (e.g., resource block utilization rate, averageprocessor load, etc.), availability KPI (e.g., radio networkunavailability rate, etc.), traffic KPI (e.g., downlink traffic volume,uplink traffic volume, average number of users, maximum number of users,a number of voice bearers, a number of video bearers, etc.), responsetime KPI (e.g., latency, packet arrival time, etc.), and/or other typesof KPIs. The KPIs stored in performance field 488 may be used todetermine whether the network performance during the time periodassociated with the particular timestamp has improved with respect to aprevious network state before a SON adjustment to a parameter wasapplied to base station 130 and/or another device in access network 120.

Although FIG. 4E shows exemplary components of performance DB 365, inother implementations, performance DB 365 may include fewer components,different components, additional components, or differently arrangedcomponents than depicted in FIG. 4E.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating exemplary functional components of basestation 130. The functional components of base station 130 may beimplemented, for example, via processor 220 executing instructions frommemory 230. Alternatively, some or all of the functional componentsincluded in base station 130 may be implemented via hard-wiredcircuitry. As shown in FIG. 5, base station 130 may include an OSSinterface 510, a base station interface 520, a KPI collector 530, anoptimization manager 540, an optimization DB 550, a handover manager560, an antenna manager 570, and a load balancer 580.

OSS interface 510 may be configured to communicate with OSS 160. Forexample, OSS interface 510 may provide information relating to UEdevices 110 associated with base station 130 to OSS 160 and OSS 160 mayrelay the information to SON system 150. Furthermore, OSS interface 510may receive an instruction to adjust a particular optimization parameterfrom SON system 150 via OSS 160 and may provide the received instructionto optimization manager 550.

Furthermore, in some implementations, some SON adjustments may beselected by base station 130 (e.g., local parameters such as handoverparameters, antenna tilt or direction adjustments, neighbor lists,etc.), other SON adjustments may be selected by SON system 150 (e.g.,global parameters, such as coverage optimization, capacity optimization,etc.), and SON system interface 520 may communicate with SON system 150via OSS 160 to determine which parameter adjustments should bedetermined locally by optimization manager 540 and which parametersadjustments should be determined by SON system 150.

Base station interface 520 may be configured to communicate with otherbase stations 130. For example, some SON parameter adjustments may bebased on KPIs associated with a set of base stations 130 in a particulararea, where base stations 130 in the area may communicate to determinesuch SON parameter adjustments using distributed computing. For example,base stations 130 may share neighbor lists, coordinate antenna tilts toreduce interference, and/or load balance traffic by handing overparticular types of UE devices 110 to a particular base station 130 witha higher capacity.

KPI collector 530 may collect metric values associated with UE devices110 attached to base station 130. For example, KPI collector 530 maycollect, for a UE device 110 and for a particular time interval,information relating to location of UE device 110, a number of voicebearers associated with UE device 110, a number of video bearersassociated with UE device 110, a number of users associated with UEdevice 110, a data throughput for UE device 110, a number of handoversfor UE device 110, a packet size for UE device 110, a variance in packetarrival times for UE device 110, a connection success rate for UE device110, a call drop rate for UE device 110, a latency for UE device 110, anumber of unique cells reported in a time period for UE device 110, anumber of cells changed in a time period for UE device 110, an errorrate for UE device 110, and/or other KPI values.

Optimization manager 540 may adjust SON optimization parameters for basestation 130. For example, optimization manager 540 may adjust one ormore of a coverage optimization parameter, an antenna tilt parameter, apower distribution parameter, a retransmission parameter, a handoverparameter, a neighbor list changes parameter, a load balancingparameter, a delay optimization parameter, a carrier optimizationparameter, a random access channel parameter, and/or another type ofoptimization parameter that may be adjusted for base station 130. Insome implementations, optimization manager 540 may receive instructionsfrom SON system 150 via OSS 160. For example, OSS interface 510 may usean API to instruct optimization manager 540 to adjust one or more SONparameters. An API call via OSS interface 510 to optimization manager540 may include, for each SON parameter to be adjusted, a SON parameterID and a corresponding SON parameter adjustment value.

Additionally or alternatively, optimization manager 540 may determine toadjust one or more SON parameters locally based on information obtainedfrom KPI collector 530 and/or based on information stored inoptimization DB 550. Optimization DB 550 may store information relatingto optimization actions associated with particular network slices,similar to the information stored in optimization DB 345 and describedbelow with reference to FIG. 4D. Optimization manager 540 may adjust theSON parameters for base station 130, including instructing one or moreof handover manager 560, antenna manager 570, and/or load balancer 580to perform operational parameters associated with the SON optimizationdeterminations.

Handover manager 560 may manage handovers of UE devices 110 from basestation 130 to another base station 130 and/or handovers received fromother base stations 130. Handover manager 560 may maintain a set ofhandover parameters (e.g., event A3 parameters, such as a3offset,Hysteresisa3, timetoTriggera3, CellIndividualoffsetEutran, etc.) thatare used to determine whether a particular UE device 110 should behanded over to another base station 130. Furthermore, handover manager560 may maintain a list of neighbors identifying neighboring basestations 130.

Antenna manager 570 may manage one or more antennas associated with oneor more cells of base station 130. Antenna manager 570 may performadjustments to an antenna radiation pattern for a particular frequencyband, such as, for example, mechanical tilt, remote electric tilt,auxiliary tilt, etc. Load balancer 580 may perform load balancing oftraffic for base station 130. Load balancing may be performed betweenparticular bands of base station 130, between particular cells of basestation 130, and/or may include coordination of load balancing oftraffic with other base stations 130.

Although FIG. 5 shows exemplary components of base station 130, in otherimplementations, base station 130 may include fewer components,different components, additional components, or differently arrangedcomponents than depicted in FIG. 5. Additionally or alternatively, oneor more components of base station 130 may perform one or more tasksdescribed as being performed by one or more other components of basestation 130.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a process classifying UE devices into servicecategories according to an implementation described herein. In someimplementations, the process of FIG. 6 may be performed by SON system150. In other implementations, some or all of the process of FIG. 6 maybe performed by another device or a group of devices separate from SONsystem 150, such as base station 130 and/or OSS 160.

The process of FIG. 6 may include obtaining UE device data information(block 610), obtaining a UE device profile (block 615), and performingtraffic pattern analysis (block 620). For example, network sliceclassifier 320 may select a UE device 110 and may retrieve informationrelating to the selected UE device 110 that was obtained from accessnetwork 120 via OSS 160 and stored in UE device profile DB 325. Adetermination may be made as to whether the selected UE device 110includes an IoT device (block 625). For example, network sliceclassifier 320 may determine an LTE category assigned to the selected UEdevice 110 and stored in UE device record 410 (e.g., in UE device IDfield 412 or in data type field 416). For an example, an LTE Category 1may be associated with IoT devices.

If it is determined that the selected UE device 110 does not include anIoT device (block 625—NO), a determination may be made as to whether theselected UE device 110 is associated with voice, video, or data (block630). For example, network slice classifier 320 may determine whether UEdevice 110 is associated with a voice bearer or a video bearer. If it isdetermined that that the selected UE device 110 is associated with avideo bearer (block 630—VIDEO), the selected UE device 110 may beclassified in a high density (HD) video service category (block 674). Ifit is determined that the selected UE device 110 is associated with avoice bearer (block 630—VOICE), the selected UE device 110 may beclassified in an HD voice service category (block 676). If it isdetermined that the selected UE device 110 is not associated with avoice bearer or a video bearer (block 630—DATA), processing may proceedto determine whether the selected UE device 110 is associated only withpackets that are less than about 10 Megabytes (Mbytes) in size (block635). In other implementations, a packet size different than 10 Mbytesmay be used.

If it is determined that the selected UE device is not associated onlywith packets that are less than about 10 Megabytes in size (block635—NO), a determination may be made as to whether the selected UEdevice is associated with high reliability (block 640). For example,network slice classifier 320 may determine whether the selected UEdevice 110 is associated with a high reliability and low latency bearer.If it is determined that the selected UE device is associated with highreliability (block 640—YES), the selected UE device 110 may beclassified in a mobile broadband (MBB) uRLLC service category (block660). If it is determined that the selected UE device is not associatedwith high reliability (block 640—NO), the selected UE device 110 may beclassified in an MBB service category (block 662).

Returning to block 635, if it is determined that the selected UE deviceis associated only with packets that are less than about 10 Megabytes insize (block 635—YES), a determination may be made as to whether theselected UE device is associated with packets that are greater thanabout 1 Kilobyte (Kbyte) in size (block 645). In other implementations,a size different that 1 Kbyte may be used. If it is determined that theselected UE device is not associated with packets that are greater thanabout 1 Kbyte in size (block 645—NO), the selected UE device 110 may beclassified in an IoT DoNAS service category (block 668). If it isdetermined that the selected UE device is associated with packets thatare greater than about 1 Kbyte in size (block 645—YES), a determinationmay be made as to whether the selected UE device is associated with highreliability (block 650). For example, network slice classifier 320 maydetermine whether the selected UE device 110 is associated with a highreliability and low latency bearer. If it is determined that theselected UE device is associated with high reliability (block 650—YES),the selected UE device 110 may be classified in an IoT uRLLC servicecategory (block 664). If it is determined that the selected UE device isnot associated with high reliability (block 650—NO), the selected UEdevice 110 may be classified in an IoT service category (block 666).

Returning to block 625, if it is determined that the selected UE device110 does include an IoT device (block 625—YES), a determination may bemade as to whether the selected UE device 110 is associated with voice,video, or data (block 655). For example, network slice classifier 320may determine whether the selected UE device 110 is associated with avoice bearer or a video bearer. If it is determined that that theselected UE device 110 is associated with a video bearer (block655—VIDEO), the selected UE device 110 may be classified in a videoservice category (block 670). If it is determined that the selected UEdevice 110 is associated with a voice bearer (block 655—VOICE), theselected UE device 110 may be classified in a voice service category(block 672). If it is determined that the selected UE device 110 is notassociated with a voice bearer or a video bearer (block 655—DATA),processing may proceed to block 645 as described above. While thresholdsof 10 Mbytes and 1 Kbytes are described with respect to the process ofFIG. 6, in other implementations, different thresholds may be used.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a process for adjusting an optimizationparameter according to an implementation described herein. In someimplementations, the process of FIG. 7 may be performed by SON system150. In other implementations, some or all of the process of FIG. 7 maybe performed by another device or a group of devices separate from SONsystem 150, such as base station 130 and/or OSS 160.

The process of FIG. 7 may include determining optimization functions foroptimization parameters (block 710). For example, optimization manager340 may select an optimization function for a parameter and store theoptimization function in optimization function field 464 associated withoptimization record 460 for the parameter. Network slices for UE devicesassociated with a base station may be determined (block 720) and adistribution of network slices may be determined for the base station(block 730). For example, network slice classifier 320 may classify UEdevices 110 associated with base station 130 into network slices basedon information stored in UE profile DB 325, such as network slices basedon service categories and/or network slices based on UE device attributecategories.

Positioning and route profiles for the UE devices may be determined(block 740). For example, position/route classifier 330 may classify UEdevices 110 associated with base station 130 into position/routecategories based on information stored in position/route profile DB 335.

An adjustment for an optimization parameter may be selected based on thedetermined optimization functions, the determined distribution ofnetwork slices, and the determined position and route profiles (block750). The parameter adjustment for j-th network slice Sj may berepresented as:

Threshold_Parameter_(sj)=Σ(SON optimization function)_(sj).

For example, if the parameter corresponds to a handover parameter, theoptimization function for the handover parameter may be based on aminimized cost function of handover failure and dropped calls for aparticular network slice Sj, which may be expressed as:

Handover_Threshold_(sj)=Min{Handover_Failure_(sj)+Dropped_Calls_(sj)}

In some implementations, a parameter adjustment may be computed for eachnetwork slice first, and then the distribution of network slices is usedto determine a weighted sum for the total parameter adjustment. Theweights may be based on the distribution of the network slices, such asa ratio based on the number of UE device 110 associated with aparticular network slice to the total number of UE devices 110associated with base station 130. In some implementations, the weightsmay be additionally, or alternatively, based on criticality scoresassigned to particular network slices.

As an example, for an antenna tilting parameter, the optimizationfunction may be based on a minimized cost function of the dropped callsfrequency and latency, expressed as:

Antenna_Tilting_(sj)=Min{Dropped_Calls_(sj)+Latency_(sj)}

and the total antenna tilting parameter may be based on the weighted sumof the antenna tilting parameters for particular network slices,expressed as:

Antenna_Tilting_(TOTAL)=Σ_(j=1) ^(N){Antenna_Tilting_(sj) *W _(sj)}.

where N is the total number of network slices and W represents theassigned weights.

In other implementations, the distribution of network slices may firstbe used to determine a total KPI value for each KPI used in a parameteroptimization function, and the total parameter adjustment may bedetermined based on the total KPI values. For example, a total droppedcalls KPI may be based on a weighted sum of the dropped call KPI valuesobtained for each network slice, expressed as:

Dropped_Calls_(TOTAL)=Σ_(j=1) ^(N){Dropped_Calls_(sj) *W _(sj)}.

and a total latency KPI may be based on a weighted sum of the latencyKPI values obtained for each network slice, expressed as:

Latency_(TOTAL)=Σ_(j=1) ^(N){Latency_(sj) *W _(s j)}.

The antenna tilting parameter may then be determined using theoptimization function based on a minimized cost function of the totaldropped calls and total latency, expressed as:

Antenna_Tilting_(TOTAL)=Min{Dropped_Calls_(TOTAL)+Latency_(TOTAL)}

Additionally, in some implementations, the weights may be adjusted basedon an importance assigned to a particular network slice. For example,optimization manager 340 may receive an indication of importanceassociated with the particular network slice from OSS 160 and mayincrease the weight associated with the particular network slice, inresponse to receiving the indication of importance associated with theparticular network slice.

The optimization parameter for the base station may be adjusted based onthe selected adjustment (block 760). For example, SON system 150 mayinstruct base station 130, via OSS 160, to perform the selectedadjustment for the optimization parameter.

Network performance may be monitored (block 770) and a determination maybe made as to whether performance has improved (block 780). For example,performance monitor 360 of SON system 150 may receive one or more KPIvalues relating to access network 120 and/or provider network 140 andmay access performance DB 365 to determine whether network performancehas improved in response to the adjusted performance parameter. If it isdetermined that network performance has improved (block 780—YES), theadjusted parameter may be maintained (block 790). If it is determinedthat the network performance has not improved (block 780—NO), theparameter adjustment may be reverted (block 785). For example,performance monitor 360 may indicate to optimization manager 340 thatnetwork performance has not improved and optimization manager 340 mayinstruct base station 130 via OSS 160 to reverse the adjustment of theoptimization parameter to a previous value.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a process for using pathloss informationaccording to an implementation described herein. In someimplementations, the process of FIG. 8 may be performed by SON system150. In other implementations, some or all of the process of FIG. 8 maybe performed by another device or a group of devices separate from SONsystem 150, such as base station 130 and/or OSS 160.

The process of FIG. 8 may include obtaining pathloss information for UEdevice associated with a base station (block 810). For example, SONsystem 150 may obtain pathloss information for UE devices 110 associatedwith base station 130 from base station 130, and/or another device inaccess network 120, via OSS 160. Pathloss range categories may begenerated (block 820), the UE devices may be classified into thegenerated pathloss range categories (block 830), and a distribution ofnetwork slices for the UE devices may be determined for each pathlossrange category (block 840). For example, network slice classifier 320may generate pathloss distribution table 458 based on the obtainedpathloss information.

One or more parameters may be adjusted based on the determineddistribution of network slices for the pathloss range categories (block850). For example, optimization parameter 340 may determine the powerlevel, and/or particular LTE bands/channels, for base station 130 basedon the determined distribution of network slices for the pathloss rangecategories.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a first exemplary network slices distributiontable 900 according to an implementation described herein. Networkslices distribution table 900 illustrates an implementation in which aparameter adjustment is computed for each service category first, andthen the distribution of network slices is used to determine a weightedsum for the total parameter adjustment.

As shown in FIG. 9, network slices distribution table 900 includes aservice categories row 910, a device types row 920, a service types row930, a weighting for HD video row 940, a power distribution row 950, anda weighting for antenna tilting row 960.

Service categories row 910 may identify different service categoriesbased on a classification used by SON system 150. Device types row 920may identify an LTE device type category associated with a correspondingservice category. Service types row 930 may include a description of theservice category type associated with a corresponding service category.Weighting for HD video row 940 may identify the distribution of theservice categories with respect to HD video. Power distribution row 950may identify the distribution of service categories used to determine anadjustment to a power parameter. Weighting for antenna tilting row 960may identify the distribution of service categories used to determine anadjustment to an antenna tilting parameter.

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a second exemplary network slices distribution1000 according to an implementation described herein. Network slicesdistribution table 1000 illustrates an implementation in which thedistribution of network slices is used first to determine a total KPIvalue for each KPI used in a parameter optimization function, and inwhich the total parameter adjustment is determined based on the totalKPI values. As shown in FIG. 10, network slices distribution table 1000includes a service categories row 1010, a device types row 1020, aservice types row 1030, a weighting for a drop call KPI 1040, and aweighting for a latency KPI 1050.

Service categories row 1010 may identify different service categoriesbased on a classification used by SON system 150. Device types row 1020may identify an LTE device type category associated with a correspondingservice category. Service types row 1030 may include a description ofthe service category type associated with a corresponding servicecategory. Weighting for a drop call KPI 1040 may identify thedistribution of service categories used to determine a total value forthe drop call KPI. Weighting for a latency KPI 1050 may identify thedistribution of service categories used to determine a total value forthe latency KPI.

FIG. 11 is a diagram of a third exemplary network slices distribution1100 according to an implementation described herein. As shown in FIG.11, network slices distribution 1100 may include a device type row 1110,a less than 80 decibel (dB) pathloss range value category row 1120, a80-100 dB pathloss range value category row 1130, a 100-120 dB pathlossrange value category row 1140, and an over 120 dB pathloss range valuecategory row 1150.

Device types row 1110 may identify an LTE device type categoryassociated with a corresponding service category. Each of rows 1120,1130, 1140, and 1150 may include a distribution of network slices forthe particular pathloss range values category associated with the row.The distribution of network slices for each pathloss range valuescategory may be used to adjust a power parameter for base station 130,and/or to select particular bands and/or channels, for each particularpathloss range values category.

In the preceding specification, various preferred embodiments have beendescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will, however,be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto,and additional embodiments may be implemented, without departing fromthe broader scope of the invention as set forth in the claims thatfollow. The specification and drawings are accordingly to be regarded inan illustrative rather than restrictive sense.

For example, while a series of blocks have been described with respectto FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, the order of the blocks may be modified in otherimplementations. Further, non-dependent blocks may be performed inparallel.

It will be apparent that systems and/or methods, as described above, maybe implemented in many different forms of software, firmware, andhardware in the implementations illustrated in the figures. The actualsoftware code or specialized control hardware used to implement thesesystems and methods is not limiting of the embodiments. Thus, theoperation and behavior of the systems and methods were described withoutreference to the specific software code—it being understood thatsoftware and control hardware can be designed to implement the systemsand methods based on the description herein.

Further, certain portions, described above, may be implemented as acomponent that performs one or more functions. A component, as usedherein, may include hardware, such as a processor, an ASIC, or a FPGA,or a combination of hardware and software (e.g., a processor executingsoftware).

It should be emphasized that the terms “comprises”/“comprising” whenused in this specification are taken to specify the presence of statedfeatures, integers, steps or components but does not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps,components or groups thereof.

The term “logic,” as used herein, may refer to a combination of one ormore processors configured to execute instructions stored in one or morememory devices, may refer to hardwired circuitry, and/or may refer to acombination thereof. Furthermore, a logic may be included in a singledevice or may be distributed across multiple, and possibly remote,devices.

For the purposes of describing and defining the present invention, it isadditionally noted that the term “substantially” is utilized herein torepresent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed toany quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or otherrepresentation. The term “substantially” is also utilized herein torepresent the degree by which a quantitative representation may varyfrom a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basicfunction of the subject matter at issue.

To the extent the aforementioned embodiments collect, store or employpersonal information provided by individuals, it should be understoodthat such information shall be used in accordance with all applicablelaws concerning protection of personal information. Additionally, thecollection, storage and use of such information may be subject toconsent of the individual to such activity, for example, through wellknown “opt-in” or “opt-out” processes as may be appropriate for thesituation and type of information. Storage and use of personalinformation may be in an appropriately secure manner reflective of thetype of information, for example, through various encryption andanonymization techniques for particularly sensitive information.

No element, act, or instruction used in the present application shouldbe construed as critical or essential to the embodiments unlessexplicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the article “a” isintended to include one or more items. Further, the phrase “based on” isintended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly statedotherwise.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: determining, by a computerdevice, network slices for a plurality of user equipment (UE) devicesassociated with a base station, wherein a particular network sliceidentifies a particular service category or a UE device attributecategory associated with particular ones of the plurality of UE devices;determining, by the computer device, a distribution of network slicesfor the base station based on the determined network slices for theplurality of UE devices; determining, by the computer device, anadjustment for an optimization parameter based on the distribution ofnetwork slices for the base station; and adjusting, by the computerdevice, the optimization parameter for the base station based on thedetermined adjustment, wherein adjusted optimization parameter is usedby the base station to manage data traffic associated with the pluralityof UE devices.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining thedistribution of network slices for the base station includes:determining a weight for a particular network slice based on a ratio ofa number of UE devices, of the plurality of UE devices, associated withthe particular network slice to a total number of the plurality of UEdevices.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the adjustmentfor the optimization parameter includes: determining a network sliceadjustment for the optimization parameter for the particular networkslice based on one or more performance indicators; and determining theadjustment for the optimization parameter based on the determined weightfor the particular category and the determined network slice adjustmentfor the particular network slice.
 4. The method of claim 2, whereindetermining the adjustment for the optimization parameter includes:determining a network slice performance indicator value for theparticular network slice; determining a total performance indicatorvalue as a weighted sum based on the network slice performance indicatorvalue and the weight associated with the particular network slice; anddetermining the adjustment for the optimization parameter as a functionof the total performance indicator value.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein determining the network slices for the plurality of UE devicesassociated with the base station includes: using a machine learningclassifier to determine the network slices for the plurality of UEdevices.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining aperformance score for a wireless access network associated with the basestation based on the adjusted optimization parameter; and reverting theoptimization parameter to a previous value, when the determinedperformance score does not result in an improvement over a previousperformance score.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining positioning and route profiles for the plurality of UEdevices, wherein the positioning and route profiles indicate historicalposition and routes associated with particular ones of the plurality ofUE devices; and wherein determining the adjustment for the optimizationparameter based on the distribution of network slices for the basestation is further based on the determined positioning and routeprofiles for the plurality of UE devices.
 8. The method of claim 1,further comprising: obtaining pathloss information associated with theplurality of UE devices; generating a plurality of pathloss valueranges; determining a distribution of network slices for particular onesof the plurality of pathloss value ranges based on the obtained pathlossinformation and the determined network slices; and wherein determiningthe adjustment for the optimization parameter based on the distributionof network slices for the base station is further based on thedistribution of network slices for the particular ones of the pluralityof pathloss value ranges.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein theoptimization parameter includes at least one of: a coverage optimizationparameter; an antenna tilt parameter; a power distribution parameter; aretransmission parameter; a handover parameter; a neighbor list changesparameter; a load balancing parameter; a delay optimization parameter; acarrier optimization parameter; or a random access channel parameter.10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the adjustment for theoptimization parameter is further based on one or more performanceindicators, wherein the one or more performance indicators include atleast one of: an accessibility performance indicator, a retainabilityperformance indicator, a mobility performance indicator, a serviceintegrity performance indicator, a utilization performance indicator, anavailability performance indicator, a traffic performance indicator, ora response time performance indicator.
 11. The method of claim 1,wherein determining the network slices for the plurality of UE devicesassociated with a base station includes: determining that a particularone of the plurality of UE devices is associated with a packet size lessthan a packet size threshold; and classifying the particular one of theplurality of UE devices into an Internet of Things data servicecategory, in response to determining that the particular one of theplurality of UE devices is associated with a packet size less than thepacket size threshold.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determiningthe network slices for the plurality of UE devices associated with abase station includes: determining that a particular one of theplurality of UE devices is associated with a packet size less than apacket size threshold; and classifying the particular one of theplurality of UE devices into a Data over Non-Access Stratum (DoNAS)service category, in response to determining that the particular one ofthe plurality of UE devices is associated with a packet size less than apacket size threshold.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein determiningthe network slices for the plurality of UE devices associated with abase station includes: determining that a particular one of theplurality of UE devices is associated with a high reliability and lowlatency requirement; and classifying the particular one of the pluralityof UE devices into an Ultra-Reliable Low Latency (uRLLC) servicecategory, in response to determining that the particular one of theplurality of UE devices is associated with a high reliability and lowlatency requirement.
 14. A computer device comprising: a memoryconfigured to store instructions; and a processor configured to executethe instructions to: determine network slices for a plurality of userequipment (UE) devices associated with a base station wherein aparticular network slice identifies a particular service category or aUE device attribute category associated with particular ones of theplurality of UE devices; determine a distribution of network slices forthe base station based on the determined network slices for theplurality of UE devices; determine an adjustment for an optimizationparameter based on the distribution of network slices for the basestation; and automatically adjust the optimization parameter for thebase station based on the determined adjustment, wherein adjustedoptimization parameter is used by the base station to manage datatraffic associated with the plurality of UE devices.
 15. The computerdevice of claim 14, wherein, when determining the distribution ofnetwork slices for the base station, the processor is further configuredto: determine a weight for a particular network slice based on a ratioof a number of UE devices, of the plurality of UE devices, associatedwith the particular network slice to a total number of the plurality ofUE devices.
 16. The computer device of claim 14, wherein, whendetermining the adjustment for the optimization parameter, the processoris further configured to: determine a network slice adjustment for theoptimization parameter for the particular network slice based on one ormore performance indicators; and determine the adjustment for theoptimization parameter based on the determined weight for the particularcategory and the determined network slice adjustment for the particularnetwork slice.
 17. The computer device of claim 14, wherein, whendetermining the adjustment for the optimization parameter, the processoris further configured to: determine a network slice performanceindicator value for the particular network slice; determine a totalperformance indicator value as a weighted sum based on the network sliceperformance indicator value and the weight associated with theparticular network slice; and determine the adjustment for theoptimization parameter as a function of the total performance indicatorvalue.
 18. The computer device of claim 14, wherein the processor isfurther configured to: determine positioning and route profiles for theplurality of UE devices, wherein the positioning and route profilesindicate historical position and routes associated with particular onesof the plurality of UE devices; and wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to determine the adjustment for the optimization parameterbased on the distribution of network slices for the base station basedon the determined positioning and route profiles for the plurality of UEdevices.
 19. The computer device of claim 14, wherein the processor isfurther configured to: obtain pathloss information associated with theplurality of UE devices; generate a plurality of pathloss value ranges;determine a distribution of network slices for particular ones of theplurality of pathloss value ranges based on the obtained pathlossinformation and the determined network slices; wherein the processor isfurther configured to determine the adjustment for the optimizationparameter based on the distribution of network slices for the basestation based on the distribution of network slices for the particularones of the plurality of pathloss value ranges, and wherein theprocessor autonomously implements the adjustment to the optimizationparameter.
 20. A system comprising: a base station configured to providea wireless connection to a wireless communication device; and a networkoptimizing device configured to: determine network slices for aplurality of user equipment (UE) devices associated with the basestation wherein a particular network slice identifies a particularservice category or a UE device attribute category associated withparticular ones of the plurality of UE devices; determine a distributionof network slices for the base station based on the determined networkslices for the plurality of UE devices; determine an adjustment for anoptimization parameter based on the distribution of network slices forthe base station; and adjust the optimization parameter for the basestation based on the determined adjustment, wherein adjustedoptimization parameter is used by the base station to manage datatraffic associated with the plurality of UE devices.